Jacob Shapiro co-founded and directs the Empirical Studies of Conflict Project, a multi-university consortium that studies politically motivated violence in countries around the world. His research covers conflict, economic development, and security. Shapiro has published more than 40 peer-reviewed articles in academic journals across a range of fields, as well as more than 100 policy articles, reports, and book chapters. He is author of The Terrorist's Dilemma: Managing Violent Covert Organizations and co-author of Small Wars, Big Data: The Information Revolution in Modern Conflict. He has conducted field research and large-scale policy evaluations in Afghanistan, Colombia, India, and Pakistan. Shapiro received the 2016 Karl Deutsch Award from the International Studies Association, given to a scholar younger than 40, or within 10 years of earning a Ph.D., who has made the most significant contribution to the study of international relations. Shapiro has advised government agencies, large technology companies, and NGOs on issues related to foreign malign influence, disinformation, support to academic research, and transparency. Shapiro earned a Ph.D. in Political Science and M.A. in Economics at Stanford University and a B.A. in Political Science at the University of Michigan. He is a veteran of the United States Navy.